New Born Baby Phlegm In Throat

Submarine

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The conquest of the ocean. Tarragona appears in the personal library of utopian socialist Narcís Monturiol, inventor of a submersible three decades before Isaac Peral

these times is known that epidemic is needed good meat and cheap, plentiful as pigeons theft which is a taste. Sixty pairs were stolen the day before yesterday, no less, of a roof of Boria Street and another eight hours of Bruch Street, "announced the Barcelona daily La Vanguardia the September 10, 1885. On the same page, in a terse statement, the newspaper announced the death, four days before, Narcis Monturiol , "author of Ictíneo and consistent Democrat."

A quarter century earlier, the inventor had surprised Catalan English society with a fish boat, a submarine that was able to move underwater for two hours at the port of Barcelona in September 1859. And the press dispatched his death sentence in the middle of a reference to the theft of pigeons, although two years earlier the same newspaper had opted for " claim their glory , now obscured by forgetfulness, discussed a day for the pedants, denied by the light, belittled by the indifferent. "And in the middle of 2010, the English who invented a submarine 30 years before Isaac Peral, continues into oblivion outside Catalonia.

rejected

Catalan live in the U.S. egalitarian communes

perfect society

Now, a discovery has now returned to Monturiol figure, one of the heroes of the English paleotecnología. In 1994, the director of the library Ebro Observatory, a research center founded by the Jesuits in 1904, found the book on a shelf Naval Architecture With an unexpected dedication: "To my friend Narcís Monturiol."

For 16 years, the director, Maria Genescà, searched among the 60,000 volumes in the library copies with the same entry date: August 16, 1944, when the Nazis and the Allies were fighting for Europe in the Battle of Normandy . And they appeared some 70 books, the library staff Monturiol, where all knowledge about oceanography and shipbuilding used to create the forerunner of the submarine, the Ictíneo (Greek for "fish boat"). "It was a time when underwater navigation was a military concern, but he wanted dedicated to collecting and researching the ocean coral, "says Genescà.

Queen Elizabeth made money for the project of anti-monarchist

books with marks and annotations," show that Monturiol worked with first class materials to create a submarine free humanity "as the greatest expert on the inventor, historian of science Antoni Roca Rosell.

Monturiol had left everything to develop your machine. In 1854, his dream was fulfilled. The followers of the French socialist Étienne Cabet invited him to join their egalitarian communes in Illinois (USA). There would be born society perfect, Icaria, where people, mostly French, live without money or private property. Without violent revolution, the Communists wanted cabetianos conquer the world armed only with his example. However, Monturiol, leader of cabetiano in Spain, refused to cross the ocean to join Utopia. It was when removing Two Progressive, to take one of the largest projects of English technology of the time.

perfect society envisioned by Cabet get up on science and communism. And there are those who fantasized that the Icarian would move under water. Monturiol took up the challenge and began to devour books, they now have appeared in the library Roquetes in Tarragona.

The head of the committee that judged his invention fell asleep

As a dead whale

formed a team of experts and began his adventure in 1857. A year later, the design of the first Ictíneo was ready. It was a wooden fish seven feet long capable of carrying five crew members. Four of them would have to give a hand crank to move the propellers to propel the boat fish. In 1859, the submarine was tested at the port of Barcelona. Moved less than a kilometer per hour the speed of a three year old boy walking, but moving forward.

proved so popular that raised 500,000 pesetas from donations from citizens, today's equivalent to three million euros. Even Queen Elizabeth was forced to give money "personal capacity" to draft a communist anti-monarchist , says Roca Rosell. "The queen had a bad press, and wanted his picture using the Ictíneo ," says the professor of the Polytechnic University of Catalunya.

After the first trials at the port of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bMonturiol drove his submarine to Alicante for a demonstration before a commission appointed official by the Government. The Ictíneo again navigate underwater. However, as pointed La Vanguardia in 1883, there was a "sad story as curious ", showing "how much influence they have on things over the most trivial circumstances."

Monturiol appeared before the committee with a speech to convince the Government to support your boat-fish. "But it happened that little or rhetorical brilliance of the inventor or the dryness natural in a discussion on technical points (...) or fatigue and dizziness in the Commissioners or some of them produce the stay on board during Ictíneo trials, placed in such a bad mood Monturiol listeners that neither understood him nor wanted him right, and still there was a case that the president would finally fall asleep, "he told the newspaper.

The inventor decided to proceed without government help, nor would have none of a huge military model with capacity for 1,200 sailors. His team came one second Ictíneo , bigger and better, and kicked him out in 1862. But he was moving like a dead whale. Faced with the 100,000 pesetas spent on the first prototype, Monturiol 400,000 needed to create and refine the second.

The biceps of the 16 crew members were not sufficient to genius move of 17 meters in length, at an appropriate speed. And the inventor chose a revolutionary solution: a steam engine. "It was the first to put a motor inside a submarine," says Roca Rosell.

Catalan which created a new fuel and oxygen reaction produces heat, ideal for use in a submersible. And the motorized Ictíneo put to sea in 1867. It was the ultimate test. Monturiol company was near bankruptcy. And the test failed, because the engine increased the speed of the machine. Professor Enric Freixa said engine in 1986 that the mistake was the inventor of the propeller, poorly designed and unable to drive the submarine.

adventure ends here. All employees were left on the street. The Ictíneo were auctioned in 1868 and eventually dismembered. And Monturiol technological dream ended in failure, like the U.S. Communist communes. The inventor, depressed, was devoted to something further: a cigarette rolling machine